Data Extraction is the process of retrieving specific data from unstructured or semi-structured sources, such as websites, PDFs, emails, and databases. In web scraping, data extraction involves parsing HTML or XML documents to pull out relevant information, such as product prices, user reviews, or contact details. This process can be automated using tools and libraries that navigate the web, identify the required data, and extract it into structured formats like CSV, JSON, or databases for further analysis and use. Effective data extraction is crucial for converting raw data into actionable insights and supporting data-driven decision-making. It also involves handling challenges like data cleaning, normalization, and dealing with inconsistencies in the source data.