Batch processing refers to the technique of processing large volumes of data where the data is collected, processed, and then the results are produced in batches. This method is efficient for handling extensive data sets that do not require immediate processing, allowing for the scheduling of tasks to run during off-peak hours to optimize resource utilization. Batch processing is typically used for operations like end-of-day reporting, payroll systems, and data migration tasks. It allows for the automation of repetitive tasks and the processing of data in a consistent and reliable manner.