Logging is the practice of recording system and application events to monitor and debug performance and issues. Logs capture a wide range of information, such as errors, warnings, informational messages, and debug details, which are essential for diagnosing problems and understanding system behavior. Effective logging provides insights into the operational state of applications and infrastructure, helping developers and system administrators identify and resolve issues quickly. Tools like Logstash, Fluentd, and the ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) are commonly used to collect, process, and analyze log data, facilitating real-time monitoring and troubleshooting.