WebSockets: Definition, Characteristics, and How They Enable Real-Time Communication

WebSockets are a communication protocol that enables real-time, bidirectional data exchange between a client and a server over a single, persistent TCP connection. Unlike traditional HTTP-based communication, WebSockets allow continuous interaction without repeated request-response cycles, making applications faster, more interactive, and more efficient.

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Why WebSockets Matter

WebSockets eliminate latency caused by repeated polling and allow both sides to send messages independently — a requirement for modern real-time applications such as collaborative tools, gaming systems, and streaming platforms.

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Core Characteristics

Full-Duplex Communication

Both client and server can send and receive data at the same time.

Persistent Connection

A single connection remains open for the duration of the session, reducing overhead and improving responsiveness.

Low Latency

Ideal for scenarios where milliseconds matter, such as notifications, messaging, auctions, and live metrics.

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How WebSockets Work

A WebSocket session begins with a standard HTTP request. If the server supports WebSockets, the connection is upgraded using a process called a protocol handshake. After that:
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• Messages (text or binary) flow freely in both directions
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• No additional HTTP requests are required
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• The connection remains active until closed by either side
  
  

Example Use Cases

• Live chat applications
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• Financial trading platforms and dashboards
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• Multiplayer online games
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• Real-time collaboration tools (whiteboards, shared documents)
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• Event streaming and sensor monitoring
  
  

Related Terms

Progressive Web App (PWA)